Energy Storage Systems (ESS) utilizing lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the primary infrastructure for wind turbine farms, solar farms, and peak facilities where the electrical grid is overburdened and cannot support the peak demands.

Although Li-ion batteries are the prime concern regarding ESS, the Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems code will also cover lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, sodium batteries, and flow batteries. The code covers energy storage whether electro-chemical or electro-mechanical energy storage.